Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass
and increased bone fracture risk largely resulting from significantly reduced levels of the …

With an increasingly aging society, bone defects and fractures have become significant
threats to human health and quality of life. Currently, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts …

Diabetes mellitus is a chronically inflamed disease that predisposes to delayed fracture
healing. Macrophages play a key role in the process of fracture healing by undergoing …

The reconstruction of large cranial bone defects by bioactive materials without exogenous
cells or growth factors remains a substantial clinical challenge. Here, synthetic fibrous …

Proper immune responses are critical for successful biomaterial implantation. Here, four
scales of honeycomb-like TiO2 structures were custom made on titanium (Ti) substrates to …

To present knowledge, macrophages are found in all tissues of the human body. They are a
cell population with high plasticity which come with a multitude of functions which appear to …

Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis
have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired …

Recent research has brought about a clear understanding that successful fracture healing is
based on carefully coordinated cross-talk between inflammatory and bone forming cells. In …

The immune microenvironment plays a vital role in bone defect repair. To create an immune
microenvironment that promotes osteogenesis, researchers are exploring ways to enhance …

Osteoporosis or porous bone disorder is the result of an imbalance in an otherwise highly
balanced physiological process known as 'bone remodeling'. The immune system is …