In central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), the macula is detached because of fluid leakage
at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The fluid appears to originate from choroidal …

The choriocapillaris is the innermost structure of the choroid that directly nourishes the
retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. This article provides an overview of its …

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common form of vision loss, typically seen in
working-age men. The pathophysiology behind CSC still eludes us, however significant …

Non-exudative macular and choroidal neovascularization (MNV and CNV) usually refers to
the entity of treatment-naïve type 1 neovascularization in the absence of associated signs of …

Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal vascular patterns of patients with pachychoroid-related
diseases in eyes images with wide-field indocyanine green angiography. Methods …

Purpose Pachychoroid spectrum diseases are regarded as being different manifestations of
a common pathogenic process. We suggest that pachychoroid diseases are consequences …

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a relatively common disease that causes vision
loss due to macular subretinal fluid leakage and is often associated with reduced vision …

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most common non‐surgical retinopathy
associated with fluid leakage. The pathogenesis is not yet completely understood, but …

Recent improvements in ophthalmic imaging have led to the identification of a thickened
choroid or pachychoroid to be associated with a number of retinal diseases. The number of …

Background Pachychoroid, or the structural and functional abnormalities of the choroid, is
one of the most important causes of exudative maculopathies. The purpose of this article is …