Simple Summary Maintaining a high standard of animal welfare is essential in zoos, and
methods of animal welfare assessment should aim to evaluate positive as well as negative …

Play is commonly used to assess affective states in both humans and non-human animals.
Play appears to be most common when animals are well-fed and not under any direct …

In debates about the welfare of animals, different people have tended to emphasize different
concerns. Some emphasize the basic health and functioning of animals, especially freedom …

Animals housed in artificial habitats are confronted by a wide range of potentially
provocative environmental challenges. In this article, we review many of the potential …

The performance of natural behavior is commonly used as a criterion in the determination of
animal welfare. This is still true, despite many authors having demonstrated that it is not a …

There are gaps in knowledge that hinder our ability within zoos to provide good animal
welfare. This does not mean that zoos cannot or do not provide good welfare, only that …

In this final chapter, I argue that stereotypic behaviour involves diverse mechanisms which
are differentially involved across different forms, which explain different aspects of the …

The predominant housing system used for domestic horses is individual stabling; however,
housing that limits social interaction and requires the horse to live in semi-isolation has been …

One of the biggest problems in applications of animal welfare science is our ability to make
comparisons between different individuals, both within and across species. Although welfare …

Despite the diversity of animal welfare definitions, most recognise the centrality of the
feelings of animals which are currently impossible to measure directly. As a result, animal …