In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of
intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity …

Most bacteria release membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain specific cargo molecules and
have diverse functions, including the transport of virulence factors, DNA transfer, interception …

Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer,
the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in …

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells release small, phospholipid-enclosed vesicles into
their environment. Why do cells release vesicles? Initial studies showed that eukaryotic …

Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain biologically
active proteins and perform diverse biological processes. Unlike other secretion …

Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical membrane-
enclosed entities of endocytic origin. Reported in the consortia of different bacterial species …

Cells from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, produce extracellular
vesicles (EVs) which are sometimes associated with filamentous structures known as …

Highlights•The human gut microbiome harbours antibiotic resistance genes ('the
resistome').•Antibiotic resistance genes can spread in the gut microbiome through horizontal …

Extracellular secretion of products is the major mechanism by which Gram-negative
pathogens communicate with and intoxicate host cells. Vesicles released from the envelope …