Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

Impressive progress has been made over the last several years toward understanding how
almost every aspect of the immune system contributes to the expression of systemic …

Dendritic cells (DCs) develop in the bone marrow from haematopoietic progenitors that have
numerous shared characteristics between mice and humans. Human counterparts of mouse …

Multiple type I interferons and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are expressed under physiological
conditions and are increased by stress and infections, and in autoinflammatory and …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-
derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon …

SLE is characterised by an activation of the interferon (IFN) system, which leads to an
increased expression of IFN-regulated genes. The reasons behind the IFN signature in SLE …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells, and their ability to
migrate is key for the initiation of protective pro-inflammatory as well as tolerogenic immune …

Efforts to understand autoimmunity have been pursued relentlessly for several decades. It
has become apparent that the immune system evolved multiple mechanisms for controlling …

Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that play a key role in the innate immune response
to viral infections. In response to viral stimuli, cells produce and release interferons, which …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique DC subset that specializes in the
production of type I interferons (IFNs). pDCs promote antiviral immune responses and have …