Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the ability to identify the meaning of words in context
in a computational manner. WSD is considered an AI-complete problem, that is, a task …

Statistical machine translation (SMT) treats the translation of natural language as a machine
learning problem. By examining many samples of human-produced translation, SMT …

The goal of text ranking is to generate an ordered list of texts retrieved from a corpus in
response to a query. Although the most common formulation of text ranking is search …

We present an approach based on multilingual sentence embeddings to automatically
extract parallel sentences from the content of Wikipedia articles in 85 languages, including …

We report on methods to create the largest publicly available parallel corpora by crawling
the web, using open source software. We empirically compare alternative methods and …

We show that margin-based bitext mining in a multilingual sentence space can be applied to
monolingual corpora of billions of sentences. We are using ten snapshots of a curated …

Crowdsourcing provides a scalable and efficient way to construct labeled datasets for
training machine learning systems. However, creating comprehensive label guidelines for …

Cross-lingual document alignment aims to identify pairs of documents in two distinct
languages that are of comparable content or translations of each other. In this paper, we …

Electronic texts and text analysis tools have opened up a wealth of opportunities to higher
education and language service providers, but learning to use these resources continues to …

The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools
and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along …