Transmission spectroscopy,–of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapour,
aerosols and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres,. However, these previous …

Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a
crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems,. Access to …

Seven rocky planets orbit the nearby dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, providing a unique opportunity
to search for atmospheres on small planets outside the Solar System. Thanks to the recent …

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to
determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy,,–. However, these …

The TRAPPIST-1 system is remarkable for its seven planets that are similar in size, mass,
density and stellar heating to the rocky planets Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System …

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a
fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in …

Close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K ('ultra-hot Jupiters') have
been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal …

WASP-107b is a warm (approximately 740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of
roughly 30.5 M⊕ and Jupiter-like radius of about 0.94 RJ (refs.,), whose extended …

There are no planets intermediate in size between Earth and Neptune in our Solar System,
yet these objects are found around a substantial fraction of other stars. Population statistics …

The critical first step in the search for life on exoplanets over the next decade is to determine
whether rocky planets transiting small M-dwarf stars possess atmospheres and, if so, what …