A growing body of research has identified circadian-rhythm disruption as a risk factor for
metabolic health. However, the underlying biological basis remains complex, and complete …

The immune system is highly time-of-day dependent. Pioneering studies in the 1960s were
the first to identify immune responses to be under a circadian control. Only in the last …

The metastatic spread of cancer is achieved by the haematogenous dissemination of
circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Generally, however, the temporal dynamics that dictate the …

The glymphatic system is a network of perivascular spaces that promotes movement of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste. This fluid …

The circadian clock evolved in diverse organisms to integrate external environmental
changes and internal physiology. The clock endows the host with temporal precision and …

Increased susceptibility of circadian clock mutant mice to metabolic diseases has led to the
idea that a molecular clock is necessary for metabolic homeostasis. However, these mice …

Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-h physiological and behavioral
processes. The central circadian clock exerts control over myriad aspects of mammalian …

The circadian clock protein BMAL1 modulates glial activation and amyloid-beta deposition
in mice. However, the effects of BMAL1 on other aspects of neurodegenerative pathology …

Disruptions of normal circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are consequences of aging and
can profoundly affect health. Accumulating evidence indicates that circadian and sleep …

The epidemic nature of diabetes mellitus in different regions is reviewed. The Middle East
and North Africa region has the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults (10.9%) whereas …