The long bones of the develo** skeleton, such as those of the limb, arise from the process
of endochondral ossification, where cartilage serves as the initial anlage element and is …

The morphological and functional evolution of appendages has played a crucial role in the
adaptive radiation of tetrapods, arthropods and winged insects. The origin and …

Noggin is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist expressed in Spemann's
organizer. Murine Noggin is expressed in condensing cartilage and immature chondrocytes …

The correct patterning of vertebrate skeletal elements is controlled by inductive interactions.
Two vertebrate hedgehog proteins, Sonic hedgehog and Indian hedgehog, have been …

HOX genes convey positional identity that leads to the proper partitioning and adult identity
of the female reproductive track. Abnormalities in reproductive tract development can be …

Members of the Abdominal-B-related Hox gene subfamily (belonging to homology groups 9
to 13) are coordinately expressed during limb bud development. Only two genes from …

† Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School ferentiated in the so-called “progress
zone,” while condensation initiates in proximal limb regions, so that the Boston …

The formation of repetitive structures (such as stripes) in nature is often consistent with a
reaction-diffusion mechanism, or Turing model, of self-organizing systems. We used mouse …

Canalization and developmental stability refer to the tendency of developmental processes
to follow particular trajectories, despite external or internal perturbation. Canalization is the …

The homeobox, a 60-amino acid-encoding DNA sequence, originally discovered in the
genome of the fruit fly Drosophila, was subsequently identified throughout the three …