The results of many studies in a variety of species have significantly advanced our
understanding of the role of visual experience and the mechanisms of postnatal eye growth …

Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the
visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity …

The melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are
a relatively recently discovered class of atypical ganglion cell photoreceptor. These ipRGCs …

The mammalian visual system encodes information over a remarkable breadth of
spatiotemporal scales and light intensities. This performance originates with its complement …

There are few neurochemical markers that reliably identify retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),
which are a heterogeneous population of cells that integrate and transmit the visual signal …

Light around twilight provides the primary entrainment signal for circadian rhythms. Here we
review the mechanisms and responses of the mouse and human circadian systems to light …

For decades, rods and cones were thought to be the only photoreceptors in the mammalian
retina. However, a population of atypical photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) …

Using the photopigment melanopsin, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
(ipRGCs) respond directly to light to drive circadian clock resetting and pupillary constriction …

Smartphones deliver light to users through Light Emitting Diode (LED) displays. Blue light is
the most potent wavelength for sleep and mood. This study investigated the immediate …