Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin
to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are …

Nowadays, nanotechnology-based modulation of the immune system is presented as a
cutting-edge strategy, which may lead to significant improvements in the treatment of severe …

Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) are a new generation of porous
materials that have gained great attention compared to other mesoporous silicas due to …

Vaccination programmes provide a safe, effective and cost‐efficient strategy for maintaining
population health. In veterinary medicine, vaccination not only reduces disease within …

Drug delivery using oral route is the most popular, convenient, safest and least expensive
approach. It includes oral transmucosal delivery of bioactive compounds as the mucosal …

The development of effective subunit vaccines relies on the incorporation of adjuvants to
enhance immune responses and improve vaccine efficacy. This paper provides a …

Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant
(immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen …

Vaccination is the most cost-effective and sustainable way to prevent and eliminate
infectious diseases. Compared with traditional vaccines, novel vaccines have better stability …

The most successful medical intervention for preventing infectious diseases is still
vaccination. This effective strategy has resulted in decreased mortality and extended life …

Pig farming has become a strategically significant and economically important industry
across the globe. It is also a potentially vulnerable sector due to challenges posed by …