The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019
prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine …

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, emerged in China in
December 2019. Vaccines developed were very effective initially, however, the virus has …

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic,
multiple variants esca** preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously …

Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 BA. 1 omicron is an immune escape variant.
Meanwhile, however, omicron BA. 2 and BA. 5 became dominant in many countries and …

The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires
ongoing monitoring to judge the ability of newly arising variants to escape the immune …

Real-world data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant (B.
1.1. 529) is limited. This systematic review aimed to investigate the real-world effectiveness …

Background More than two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the population has
developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from infection and/or vaccination. However, public …

SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies provide protection against COVID-19. Evidence from
early vaccine trials suggested binding antibody thresholds could serve as surrogate markers …

Multivalent vaccines combining crucial mutations from phylogenetically divergent variants
could be an effective approach to defend against existing and future SARS-CoV-2 variants …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed substantial
antigenic variability. As the majority of the population now has pre-existing immunity due to …