Until recently, the development of new human adjuvants was held back by a poor
understanding of their mechanisms of action. The field was revolutionized by the discovery …

Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer
immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV …

Multiple studies have established associations between human gut bacteria and host
physiology, but determining the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations has …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, originally discovered to
stimulate innate immune reactions against microbial infection. TLRs also play essential roles …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a dual regulatory role in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
TLR agonists (TLRa) elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses to achieve anti …

Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive and obstinate skin cancer with poor prognosis.
Variant novel applicable regimens have emerged during the past decades intensively, while …

Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to
current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …

Immunotherapy, an attractive option for cancer treatment, necessitates the direct stimulation
of immune cells in vivo and the simultaneous effective inhibition of immunosuppressive …

Skin cancer is a high burden disease with a high impact on global health. Conventional
therapies have several drawbacks; thus, the development of effective therapies is required …