While largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the
attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of …

The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens,
and immune disorders cause a variety of diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster …

The gastrointestinal tract has recently come to the forefront of multiple research fields. It is
now recognized as a major source of signals modulating food intake, insulin secretion and …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules.
AMPs are important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum of …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous microorganisms that can colonize the intestine and
participate in the physiological metabolism of the host. LAB can produce a variety of …

The gut microbiota of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) offers several advantages as an
experimental system for addressing how gut communities affect their hosts and for exploring …

Gut bacteria occupy the interface between the organism and the external environment,
contributing to homeostasis and disease. Yet, the causal role of the gut microbiota during …

Gut microbial communities can greatly affect host health by modulating the host's immune
system. For many important insects, however, the relationship between the gut microbiota …

Since the discovery of antimicrobial peptide responses 40 years ago, the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster has proven to be a powerful model for the study of innate immunity. Early work …

Gut microbiota is found in virtually any metazoan, from invertebrates to vertebrates. It has
long been believed that gut microbiota, more specifically, the activity of the microbiome and …