Tissue and organ biology are very challenging to study in mammals, and progress can be
hindered, particularly in humans, by sample accessibility and ethical concerns. However …

In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and
diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the …

The emergence of multiple axes is an essential element in the establishment of the
mammalian body plan. This process takes place shortly after implantation of the embryo …

The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-
dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D …

Pluripotent stem cells show a remarkable ability to self-organize and differentiate in vitro in
three-dimensional aggregates, known as organoids or organ spheroids, and to recapitulate …

A long-term aim of the life sciences is to understand how organismal shape is encoded by
the genome. An important challenge is to identify mechanistic links between the genes that …

The establishment of the anteroposterior (AP) axis is a crucial step during animal embryo
development. In mammals, genetic studies have shown that this process relies on signals …

Cells have an intrinsic ability to self-assemble and self-organize into complex and functional
tissues and organs. By taking advantage of this ability, embryoids, organoids and …

The intestine is a vital organ responsible for nutrient absorption, bile and waste excretion,
and a major site of host immunity. In order to keep up with daily demands, the intestine has …

Scientists have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the
cellular and molecular events that build the human brain during embryogenesis and of how …