Much work has shown that, at all levels, Black citizens tend to be descriptively
underrepresented in government. We take up the question of Black descriptive …

Large geographical areas must be rezoned into smaller areas to support spatial statistical
analyses providing community-level insights. The rezoning process is influenced by …

Existing research argues that malapportionment primarily favors rural areas, resulting in
conservative biases of electoral systems. In this paper, we provide a new perspective on the …

How should legislative seats be allocated to regions? Which inhabitants-voters, citizens, or
the population-should form the basis for representation in parliament? The answer to these …

Abstract On July 1, 2018, federal elections were held in Mexico and 300 deputies were
elected across the country. However, the electoral process conducted by the National …