Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels comprise a small
subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the …

Allosteric interactions play vital roles in metabolic processes and signal transduction and,
more recently, have become the focus of numerous pharmacological studies because of the …

Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses that adversely affect plant growth and
agricultural productivity. The plant Na+/H+ antiporter Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) located …

Macromolecular X-ray crystallography is routinely applied to understand biological
processes at a molecular level. However, significant time and effort are still required to solve …

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are important
members of the voltage-gated pore loop channels family. They show unique features: they …

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are ion channels which are activated by the
binding of cGMP or cAMP. The channels are important cellular switches which transduce …

Visualizing conformational dynamics in proteins has been difficult, and the atomic-scale
motions responsible for the behavior of most allosteric proteins are unknown. Here we report …

Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) channels are a family of ion channels in the
voltage-gated K+ channel superfamily that play crucial roles in many physiological …

The first step in vision is the absorption of photons by the photopigments in cone and rod
photoreceptors. After initial amplification within the phototransduction cascade the signal is …

Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) contain positively charged residues within the S4 helix
of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) that are displaced in response to changes in …