Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide.
Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for …

Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the
development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's …

Microglia are the brain's immunocompetent macrophages with a unique feature that allows
surveillance of the surrounding microenvironment and subsequent reactions to tissue …

Over the past millennia, life expectancy has drastically increased. While a mere 25 years
during Bronze and Iron ages, life expectancy in many European countries and in Japan is …

Stroke is currently one of the most common causes of death and disability in the world, and
its pathophysiology is a complex process, involving the oxidative stress and inflammatory …

After ischemic stroke, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is compromised. Peripheral
immune cells, including neutrophils, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages …

A healthy brain is protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the
endothelial cells that line brain capillaries. The BBB plays an extremely important role in …

Ischemic stroke (IS) produces a powerful inflammatory cascade in the brain, resulting in the
occurrence of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is triggered not only by resident …

Microglial activation plays a central role in poststroke inflammation and causes secondary
neuronal damage; however, it also contributes in debris clearance and chronic recovery …

Following ischemic stroke, brain‐resident activated microglia and peripherally infiltrated
inflammatory cells create a complicated and overactivated brain immune microenvironment …