Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, with
characteristic extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and intracellular accumulation of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Macrophages are important players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Perivascular
and leptomeningeal macrophages reside near the central nervous system (CNS) …

Blood and lymphatic vessels form a versatile transport network and provide inductive signals
to regulate tissue-specific functions. Blood vessels in bone regulate osteogenesis and …

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. There are no effective
medical therapies for meningioma patients, and new treatments have been encumbered by …

INTRODUCTION The meninges are a three-layer membrane that covers the central nervous
system (CNS): The outermost layer, the dura mater, is attached onto the skull periosteum; …

Despite the established dogma of central nervous system (CNS) immune privilege,
neuroimmune interactions play an active role in diverse neurological disorders. However …

The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

Mammals have two specialized vascular circulatory systems: the blood vasculature and the
lymphatic vasculature. The lymphatic vasculature is a unidirectional conduit that returns …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including
clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the …