Following Darwin's original insights regarding sexual selection, studies of intrasexual
competition have mainly focused on male competition for mates; by contrast, female …

We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

According to the socioecological framework, transitivity (or linearity) in dominance
relationships is related to competition over critical resources. When a population is …

Recent studies have examined the ecological and evolutionary bases for variation in animal
personality. However, only a few such studies have examined how foraging parameters are …

In cattle, both males and females of horned breeds have permanent horns which are directly
connected with the frontal sinuses of the skull and are growing during their entire life. To …

This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers,
horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as …

It is believed that domestic dogs rarely form packs with age-graded hierarchical structures
similar to those found in wolves. Dog-wolf comparisons in captivity suggest that human …

Social structures of group-living farm animals can have important implications for animal
welfare and productivity. Understanding which factors can have an effect on social …

Individuals often differ in competitive ability, which can lead to the formation of a dominance
hierarchy that governs differential access to resources. Previous studies of dominance have …

Studies of social rank in female ungulates consistently suggest that dominance increases
with age, perhaps because dyadic relationships are established early in life, when the older …