Cyanobacteria were present on the earth 3.5 billion years ago; since then they have
colonized almost all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They produce a high number of …

Global warming and human-induced eutrophication drive the occurrence of various
cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. These metabolites reveal diversified mechanisms of …

Animal studies provide strong evidence of positive associations between microcystins (MCs)
exposure and reproductive toxicity, representing a threat to human reproductive health and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism and potent agents
that cause oxidative damage. In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria …

Microcystins (MC) are potent hepatotoxins produced by the cyanobacteria of the genera
Planktothrix, Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc and Anabaena. These cyclic …

Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters represent a major ecological and human health
problem worldwide. This paper briefly summarizes information on major cyanobacterial …

The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms has increased significantly in many regions of the
world in the last century due to water eutrophication. These blooms are hazardous to …

The effects of global warming are not limited to rising global temperatures and have set in
motion a complex chain of events contributing to climate change. A consequence of global …

Microcystins (MICs) are potent toxins produced worldwide by cyanobacteria during bloom
events. Phosphatases inhibition is a well recognized effect of this kind of toxins as well as …

Microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are among the most frequent toxins
produced by cyanobacteria. These toxic secondary metabolites are classified as …