There is a growing interest in using natural medicines to treat stroke as the leading cause of
disability worldwide. Especially plant-derived natural medicines have multiple beneficial …

Microglia shape the synaptic environment in health and disease, but synapses do not exist
in a vacuum. Instead, pre-and postsynaptic terminals are surrounded by extracellular matrix …

Numerous studies have documented increases in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs),
specifically MMP-9 levels following stroke, with such perturbations associated with …

The past two decades have witnessed remarkable advances in oxidative stress research,
particularly in the context of ischemic brain injury. Oxidative stress in ischemic tissues …

Brain edema is a potentially fatal pathological state that occurs after brain injuries such as
stroke and head trauma. In the edematous brain, excess accumulation of extracellular fluid …

Matrix metalloproteinases are versatile endopeptidases with many different functions in the
body in health and disease. In the brain, matrix metalloproteinases are critical for tissue …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of over twenty proteases, operating chiefly
extracellularly to cleave components of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion molecules as …

Ischemic stroke continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in translational
neurology. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only approved treatment for …

There is increasing evidence that astrocytes play important roles in immune regulation in the
brain. Astrocytes express toll‐like receptors (TLR) and build up responses to innate immune …

Rapid upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) leads to blood-brain barrier
(BBB) breakdown following stroke, but no MMP-9 inhibitors have been approved in clinic …