Woese and Fox's 1977 paper on the discovery of the Archaea triggered a revolution in the
field of evolutionary biology by showing that life was divided into not only prokaryotes and …

For over 100 years, endosymbiotic theories have figured in thoughts about the differences
between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of endosymbiotic …

In the ongoing debates about eukaryogenesis—the series of evolutionary events leading to
the emergence of the eukaryotic cell from prokaryotic ancestors—members of the Asgard …

Asgard is a recently discovered superphylum of archaea that appears to include the closest
archaeal relatives of eukaryotes,,,–. Debate continues as to whether the archaeal ancestor …

The origin and cellular complexity of eukaryotes represent a major enigma in biology.
Current data support scenarios in which an archaeal host cell and an alphaproteobacterial …

The tree of life is one of the most important organizing principles in biology 1. Gene surveys
suggest the existence of an enormous number of branches 2, but even an approximation of …

Rapid growth of genome data provides opportunities for updating microbial evolutionary
relationships, but this is challenged by the discordant evolution of individual genes. Here we …

Hypotheses about the origin of eukaryotic cells are classically framed within the context of a
universal 'tree of life'based on conserved core genes. Vigorous ongoing debate about …

The origin of the eukaryotic cell remains one of the most contentious puzzles in modern
biology. Recent studies have provided support for the emergence of the eukaryotic host cell …

The relationships at the root of the animal tree have proven difficult to resolve, with the
current debate focusing on whether sponges (phylum Porifera) or comb jellies (phylum …