Novel and improved biocatalysts are increasingly sourced from libraries via experimental
screening. The success of such campaigns is crucially dependent on the number of …

Droplet microfluidics generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible
multiphase flows inside microchannels. Due to its remarkable advantages, droplet …

Predicting the effects of mutations in proteins is critical to many applications, from
understanding genetic disease to designing novel proteins to address our most pressing …

Modeling the effect of sequence variation on function is a fundamental problem for
understanding and designing proteins. Since evolution encodes information about function …

Protein engineering has nearly limitless applications across chemistry, energy and
medicine, but creating new proteins with improved or novel functions remains slow, labor …

Many high-throughput experimental technologies have been developed to assess the
effects of large numbers of mutations (variation) on phenotypes. However, designing …

Enzymes are versatile catalysts and their synthetic potential has been recognized for a long
time. In order to exploit their full potential, enzymes often need to be re-engineered or …

The functions of proteins and RNAs are defined by the collective interactions of many
residues, and yet most statistical models of biological sequences consider sites nearly …

Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs), such as deep mutational scans and massively
parallel reporter assays, test thousands of sequence variants in a single experiment. Despite …

Cooperative interactions between amino acids are critical for protein function. A genetic
reflection of cooperativity is epistasis, which is when a change in the amino acid at one …