5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of heme and
chlorophyll. Exogenously administered 5-ALA is metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) …

To aid surgeons in more complete and safe resection of brain tumors, adjuvant technologies
have been developed to improve visualization of target tissue. Fluorescence-guided surgery …

The surgical resection of solid tumours can be enhanced by fluorescence-guided imaging.
However, variable tumour uptake and incomplete clearance of fluorescent dyes reduces the …

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated
mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic …

Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an intraoperative molecular probe approved for fluorescence-
guided resection (FGR) of high-grade gliomas to achieve maximal safe tumor resection …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite
an established standard of care including surgical resection, radiation therapy, and …

Background Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) with indocyanine green (ICG) is
increasingly applied in pediatric surgical oncology. However, FGS has been mostly reported …

OBJECTIVE Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is gaining attention as a promising new
noninvasive brain tumor treatment that targets and selectively kills tumor cells, with limited …

Glioblastoma (GB) is among the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors, with a
median survival of only 12–15 months despite maximal treatments, including surgery …

OBJECTIVE The highly infiltrative growth of glioblastoma (GBM) makes distinction between
the tumor and normal brain tissue challenging. Therefore, fluorescence-guided surgery is …