Sleep remains one of the most mysterious yet ubiquitous animal behaviors. We review
current perspectives on the neural systems that regulate sleep/wake states in mammals and …

Sleep is a fundamental biological process observed widely in the animal kingdom, but the
neural circuits generating sleep remain poorly understood. Understanding the brain …

We screened for novel circuits in the mouse brain that promote wakefulness. Chemogenetic
activation experiments and electroencephalogram recordings pointed to …

Humans have been fascinated by sleep for millennia. After almost a century of scientific
interrogation, significant progress has been made in understanding the neuronal regulation …

Neural substrates of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), and non-REMS
(NREMS) in the mammalian hypothalamus overlap both anatomically and functionally with …

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in behaviors that depend on heightened wakefulness,
but its impact on arousal remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NAc dopamine D1 …

Social preference, the decision to interact with one member of the same species over
another, is critical to optimize social interactions. Thus, adult rodents favor interacting with …

The'one neuron, one neurotransmitter'doctrine states that synaptic communication between
two neurons occurs through the release of a single chemical transmitter. However, recent …

How general anesthesia (GA) induces loss of consciousness remains unclear, and whether
diverse anesthetic drugs and sleep share a common neural pathway is unknown. Previous …

Wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non–rapid eye movement (NREM)
sleep are characterized by distinct electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) …