Chemically powered nano-and micromotors are microscopic devices that convert chemical
energy into motion. Interest in these motors has grown over the past 20 years because they …

Osmosis is a universal phenomenon occurring in a broad variety of processes and fields. It
is the archetype of entropic forces, both trivial in its fundamental expression–the van't Hoff …

One of the greatest mysteries concerning the origin of life is how it has emerged so quickly
after the formation of the earth. In particular, it is not understood how metabolic cycles, which …

Inside prokaryotic cells, passive translational diffusion typically limits the rates with which
cytoplasmic proteins can reach their locations. Diffusion is thus fundamental to most cellular …

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized machines that can perform assigned tasks at the
micro/nanoscale. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the design …

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective insulin
secretion or its biological dysfunction. However, frequent subcutaneous injection of insulin …

Metabolons are temporary structural‐functional complexes of sequential enzymes of a
metabolic pathway that are distinct from stable multi‐enzyme complexes. Here we provide a …

Nature has designed multifaceted cellular structures to support life. Cells contain a vast
array of enzymes that collectively perform essential tasks by harnessing energy from …

The research progress in colloidal motors, synthetic colloids that convert environmental
energy and swim in water, has attracted much attention in recent years. Yet, its rapid …

Directional interactions and the assembly of a nanobioconjugate in clusters at a specific
location are important for patterning and microarrays in biomedical research. Herein, we …