The negative impacts of pesticides, in particular insecticides, on bees and other pollinators
have never been disputed. Insecticides can directly kill these vital insects, whereas …

The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is the most significant pathological threat to the
western honey bee, Apis mellifera, leading to the death of most colonies if left untreated. An …

Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers
published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last …

Honey bees are a highly valued resource around the world. They are prized for their honey
and wax production and depended upon for pollination of many important crops. While …

This research advances and empirically establishes the hypothesis that, in the course of the
prehistoric exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa, variation in migratory distance to various …

Understanding the ecological consequences of biodiversity is a fundamental challenge.
Research on a key component of biodiversity, genetic diversity, has traditionally focused on …

Social insects are able to mount both group‐level and individual defences against
pathogens. Here we focus on individual defences, by presenting a genome‐wide analysis of …

The Varroa destructor mite is the largest threat to apiculture worldwide and has been
responsible for devastating losses of wild honeybee populations in Europe and North …

The natural diversity of honey bees in Europe is eroding fast. A multitude of reasons lead to
a loss of both genetic diversity and specific adaptations to local conditions. To preserve …

Microbial symbionts living within animal guts are largely composed of resident bacterial
species, forming communities that often provide benefits to the host. Gut microbiomes of …