BACKGROUND Human activity and decisions drive all life in cities. Worldwide, cities are
characterized by extensive anthropogenic transformation of the landscape, modification of …

Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation–the adaptive evolution of organisms to
cities–is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we …

Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks
between the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans …

Human–wildlife interactions, including human–wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as
expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter …

Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between
nature and human society. Characteristics of human society—including culture, economics …

Urbanization drastically transforms landscapes, resulting in fragmentation, degradation, and
the loss of local biodiversity. Yet, urban environments also offer opportunities to observe …

In the past decade, numerous studies have explored how urbanisation affects the mean
phenotypes of populations, but it remains unknown how urbanisation impacts phenotypic …

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it
could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of evolutionary forces in …

Rapid urbanization and the global loss of biodiversity necessitate the development of a
research agenda that addresses knowledge gaps in urban ecology that will inform policy …

Research on the evolutionary ecology of urban areas reveals how human-induced
evolutionary changes affect biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In a rapidly …