Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized
membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus …

Plant vacuoles are multifunctional organelles. On the one hand, most vegetative tissues
develop lytic vacuoles that have a role in degradation. On the other hand, seed cells have …

Abstract CYP78A, a cytochrome P450 subfamily that includes rice (Oryza sativa L.) BIG
GRAIN2 (BG2, CYP78A13) and Arabidopsis thaliana KLUH (KLU, CYP78A5), generate an …

Protein secretion is an essential process in all eukaryotic cells and its mechanisms have
been extensively studied. Proteins with an N-terminal leading sequence or transmembrane …

Endomembrane trafficking is a fundamental cellular process in all eukaryotic cells and its
regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied. In plants, the endomembrane …

Cadmium (Cd), as a non-essential and toxic heavy metal in plants, has deleterious effects
on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most …

Plant prevacuolar compartments (PVCs), or multivesicular bodies (MVBs), are single
membrane-bound organelles that play important roles in mediating protein trafficking to …

The autophagosome is a double-membrane compartment formed during autophagy that
sequesters and delivers cargoes for their degradation or recycling into the vacuole …

The endomembrane system consists of various membrane‐bound organelles including the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans‐Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory network that
is activated upon the accumulation of malformed proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …