Aggression between members of the same species serves to secure resources, but the costs
can quickly outweigh benefits. Hence, for aggression to be evolutionarily adaptive, animals …

Members of numerous animal species show consistent inter-individual differences in
behaviours, but the forces generating animal “personality” or individuality remain unclear …

Animal personality and individuality are intensively researched in vertebrates and both
concepts are increasingly applied to behavioral science in insects. However, only few …

Continuous sampling provides the most complete data set for behavioral research; however,
it often requires a prohibitive investment of time and labor. The objectives of this study were …

Urine marking is central to mouse social behavior. Males use depletable and costly urine
marks in intrasexual competition and mate attraction. We investigate how males alter …

Holding a territory is often crucial in order to acquire key resources, including mating
partners. However, few studies have investigated the role of animal personality in the …

In species whose social structure includes dominance relationships, individuals are likely to
engage in frequent agonistic interactions with conspecifics, and these interactions can have …

In competition for food, mates and territory, most animal species display aggressive behavior
through visual threats and/or physical attacks. Such naturally-complex social behaviors have …

Losing a fight against a conspecific male (social defeat) induces a period of suppressed
aggressiveness and general behaviour, often with symptoms common to human psychiatric …

Indicator models of sexual selection predict that sexually selected trait elaboration should
covary positively with condition. However, nutrition might influence the expression of …