Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and …

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

While clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely
between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher …

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is commonly caused by vascular
injuries in cerebral large and small vessels and is a key driver of age-related cognitive …

Profound vasoconstriction in the peripheral circulation is the normal response to conditions
in which the arterial pressure is too low for adequate tissue perfusion, such as acute …

Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important in directing brain
plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism and the …

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key
molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of …

Endothelial cells release several compounds, including prostacyclin, NO, and endothelium-
derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), that mediate the vascular effects of vasoactive …

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular
resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the …