The burden of disease and death attributable to environmental pollution is becoming a
public health challenge worldwide, especially in develo** countries. The kidney is …

Lead, a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: Plumbum,
meaning “the liquid silver”) and has an atomic number 82 in the periodic table. It was the first …

Abstract Introduction Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxicant that poses severe health risks to
humans and animals, especially renal disorders. Pb-induced nephrotoxicity has been …

In this study, the protective effects of chrysin (CR) on lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal
toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated with biochemical, histopathological, and …

Lead (Pb) is a known nephrotoxicant that causes damage to proximal tubular cells.
Autophagy has an important protective role in various renal injuries, but the role of …

In this study, the effect of lead acetate (PbAc) and sinapic acid (SNP) administration on
oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, sperm quality and histopathology in testicular …

Lead acetate (PbAc) is one of the top five most dangerous toxic heavy metals, particularly
leading to kidney damage and posing serious health risks in both humans and animals …

Previous studies have already demonstrated that mitochondria play a key role in Pb-induced
apoptosis in primary cultures of rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells. To further clarify the …

Background: Lead (Pb) does not have any biological function in a human, and it is likely no
safe level of Pb in the human body. The Pb exposure impacts are a global concern for their …

Human exposure to sodium fluoride through its daily usage is almost inevitable.
Cardiovascular and renal dysfunction has been associated with fluoride toxicity. Therefore …