Animals move in diverse ways, as indicated in part by the wide variety of gaits and modes
that have been described for vertebrate locomotion. Much variation in the gaits of limbed …

Although substantial advancements have been achieved in robot-assisted surgery, the
blueprint to existing snake robotics predominantly focuses on the preliminary structural …

Snake robots have advantages of terrain adaptability over wheeled mobile robots and
traditional articulated robot arms because of their limbless thin body structure and high …

Relationships between morphology, physiology, or biochemistry, on the one hand, and
behavior and ecology, on the other, have been widely documented, as this volume attests …

Limbless organisms such as snakes can navigate nearly all terrain. In particular, desert-
dwelling sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes) operate effectively on inclined granular …

Most currently available mobile robot mechanisms for ground operations have wheels
driven by some type of rotational motion generators such as an engine. Such wheeled …

From the perspective of the ecologist, ecomorphological analyses have three distinct
goals:(1) estimation of ecological relationships among species from their positions in …

Body elongation and limblessness have evolved numerous times within Tetrapoda, typically
associated with aquatic, fossorial, crevice dwelling, or grassswimming lifestyles (Gans …

Narrow crevices are challenging terrain for most organisms and biomimetic robots. Snakes
move through crevices using sequential folding and unfolding of their bodies in the manner …

X-chromosome inactivation is the process by which female mammals (with two X
chromosomes) achieve expression of X-chromosomal genes equivalent to that of males …