This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

To more effectively manage substance use disorders, it is imperative to understand the
neural, genetic, and psychological underpinnings of addictive behavior. To contribute to this …

This review describes methods for preclinical evaluation of candidate medications to treat
opioid use disorder (OUD). The review is founded on the propositions that (1) drug self …

The present study used a rat choice model to test how cocaine or heroin economically
interacted with two different nondrug reinforcers along the substitute-to-complement …

When facing a choice, most animals quit drugs in favour of a variety of nondrug alternatives.
We recently found, rather unexpectedly, that choice of the nondrug alternative is in fact …

Rationale In a previous study, investigating choice between heroin and a non-drug
alternative in animals and reductions in income (ie, choices/day) caused the percentage of …

Previous studies found that opening the cocaine economy by providing postsession access
to cocaine had no effect on animals' demand for cocaine, whereas postsession access to …