NF-κB was first discovered and characterized 25 years ago as a key regulator of inducible
gene expression in the immune system. Thus, it is not surprising that the clearest biological …

One of the primary physiological roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is in the immune
system. In particular, NF-κB family members control the transcription of cytokines and …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in several adult tissues.
Transplanted allogeneic MSCs can be detected in recipients at extended time points …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, TNFα) is implicated in various pathophysiological processes
and can be either protective, as in host defense, or deleterious, as in autoimmunity or toxic …

▪ Abstract Lymphotoxins (LT) provide essential communication links between lymphocytes
and the surrounding stromal and parenchymal cells and together with the two related …

The mechanisms of action of marketed TNF-blocking drugs in lesional tissues are still
incompletely understood. Because psoriasis plaques are accessible to repeat biopsy, the …

The factors regulating dendritic cell (DC) development and homeostasis are incompletely
understood. Here, we demonstrate that DCs express the lymphotoxin (LT)-β receptor (LTβR) …

Lymphotoxins (LTα and LTβ), LIGHT [homologous to LT, inducible expression, competes
with herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D for HSV entry mediator (HVEM), a receptor …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was first isolated two decades ago as a
macrophageproduced protein that can effectively kill tumor cells. TNF-α is also an essential …

Cytokines mediate key communication pathways essential for regulation of immune
responses. Full activation of antigen‐responding lymphocytes requires cooperating signals …