When faced with potential predators, animals instinctively decide whether there is a threat
they should escape from, and also when, how, and where to take evasive action. While …

Social organisation in animals takes many forms. It includes assemblages of territorial
animals, dominance hierarchies and social groups, among other things. The basic tenet that …

Freshwater eels are of tropical marine origin and have spread worldwide. Of the 19
recognised species or subspecies, all 6 temperate species are listed within IUCN …

Movement in animal groups is highly varied and ranges from seemingly disordered motion
in swarms to coordinated aligned motion in flocks and schools. These social interactions are …

Predation is thought to shape the macroscopic properties of animal groups, making moving
groups more cohesive and coordinated. Precisely how predation has shaped individuals' …

Noise produced from a variety of human activities can affect the physiology and behaviour of
individual animals, but whether noise disrupts the social behaviour of animals is largely …

Swarming behaviours in animals have been extensively studied owing to their implications
for the evolution of cooperation, social cognition and predator–prey dynamics. An important …

Detailed quantifications of how predators and their grou** prey interact in three
dimensions (3D) remain rare. Here we record the structure and dynamics of fish shoals …

Group‐hunting is ubiquitous across animal taxa and has received considerable attention in
the context of its functions. By contrast much less is known about the mechanisms by which …

Group formation is a common behaviour among prey species. In egg-laying animals, despite
the various factors that promote intra-clutch variation leading to asynchronous hatching and …