Cell adhesion is a basic requirement for anchorage-dependent cells to survive on the matrix.
It is the first step in a series of cell activities, such as cell diffusion, migration, proliferation …

Recently, electrical stimulation as a physical stimulus draws lots of attention. It shows great
potential in disease treatment, wound healing, and mechanism study because of significant …

Donor shortages for organ transplantations are a major clinical challenge worldwide.
Potential risks that are inevitably encountered with traditional methods include …

Abstract Lithography-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies allow high spatial
resolution that exceeds that of typical extrusion-based bioprinting approaches, allowing to …

Cells interact with their surrounding environment through a combination of static and
dynamic mechanical signals that vary over stimulus types, intensity, space, and time …

Materials patterned with high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures have features on similar length
scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular …