Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most of its history, and
thus shaped our physiology during evolution. However, only recently the health …

A growing number of schools have increasingly de-emphasized the importance of providing
physical activity opportunities during the school day, despite emerging research that …

Accumulating evidence from animal and human research indicate that adult hippocampal
neurogenesis plays a key role in cognition. Meanwhile, cognitive decline is well known to …

The present investigation is the first to explore the association between childhood aerobic
fitness and basal ganglia structure and function. Rodent research has revealed that exercise …

The research literature suggests that oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factors influence
neurotrophins in vitro. However, there is insufficient information about their effects on …

In this chapter, we review literature that examines the association among physical activity,
aerobic fitness, cognition, and the brain in elementary school children (ages 7–10 years) …

Aerobically fit children outperform less fit peers on cognitive control challenges that involve
inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. The aim of this study was to determine …

Recent studies demonstrate that rehabilitation ameliorates physical and cognitive
impairments of patients with stroke, spinal cord injury, and other neurological diseases and …

Accumulating research in rodents and humans indicates that exercise benefits brain function
and may prevent or delay onset of neurodegenerative conditions. In particular, exercise …

Previous treadmill exercise studies showing neuroprotective effects have raised questions
as to whether exercise or the stress related to it may be key etiologic factors. In this study, we …