Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a common type of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic
inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects spine joints, causing severe, chronic …

Study Design: Review of the best-validated measures of cervical spine alignment in the
sagittal axis. Objective: Describe the C2-C7 Cobb Angle, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, chin …

OBJECT Despite the complexity of cervical spine deformity (CSD) and its significant impact
on patient quality of life, there exists no comprehensive classification system. The objective …

Object Cervical spine osteotomies are powerful techniques to correct rigid cervical spine
deformity. Many variations exist, however, and there is no current standardized system with …

Cervical kyphosis is an uncommon but potentially debilitating and challenging condition. We
reviewed the etiology, presentation, clinical and radiological evaluation, and treatment of …

Background Cervical spine kyphosis has been increasingly common due to the growing
elderly population. Clinicians should comprehensively understand its symptoms …

Object Symptomatic cervical kyphosis can result from a variety of causes. Symptoms can
include pain, neurological deficits, and functional limitation due to loss of horizontal gaze …

Object Sagittal imbalance of the cervicothoracic spine often causes severe pain and loss of
horizontal gaze. Historically, the Smith-Peterson osteotomy has been used to restore sagittal …

Object Reversal of the normal cervical spine curvature, as seen in cervical kyphosis, can
lead to mechanical pain, neurological dysfunction, and functional disabilities. Surgical …

Purpose Little information is available on the relationship between cervical sagittal
alignment and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients …