This review examines the dichotomy between automatic and autonomous behaviors in
surgical robots, maps the possible levels of autonomy of these robots, and describes the …

With the maturity of surgical robotic systems based on traditional rigid-link principles, the rate
of progress slowed as limits of size and controllable degrees of freedom were reached …

Continuum robots are not constructed with discrete joints but, instead, change shape and
position their tip by flexing along their entire length. Their narrow curvilinear shape makes …

In minimally invasive endovascular procedures, surgeons rely on catheters with low
dexterity and high aspect ratios to reach an anatomical target. However, the environment …

In vivo bioprinting has recently emerged as a direct fabrication technique to create artificial
tissues and medical devices on target sites within the body, enabling advanced clinical …

Estimating a scene reconstruction and the camera motion from in-body videos is challenging
due to several factors, eg the deformation of in-body cavities or the lack of texture. In this …

Recently, flexible robotic systems are developed to enhance minimally invasive
interventions on internal organs located in confined areas of human body. These surgical …

Robotic surgery has applications in many medical specialties, including urology, general
surgery, and surgical oncology. In the context of a widespread resource and personnel …

Surgical robots have been widely adopted with over 4000 robots being used in practice
daily. However, these are telerobots that are fully controlled by skilled human surgeons …

The trend of achieving minimal invasiveness in surgeries and recent technological
advances in robotics have resulted in the emergence of flexible surgical robots. Such …