Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

Recent progress in plate tectonic reconstructions has seen models move beyond the
classical idea of continental drift by attempting to reconstruct the full evolving configuration of …

One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-
style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence …

The Earth is the only known planet where plate tectonics is active, and different studies have
concluded that plate tectonics commenced at times from the early Hadean to 700 Ma. Many …

Plate tectonics was originally established as a kinematic theory of global tectonics, in which
the Earth's rigid outer layer, the lithosphere, consists of different size plates that move …

Determining whether plate tectonics or some other mode of planetary dynamics operated in
the early Archean is one of the most contentious and debated areas of Earth Sciences today …

The water content in Earth's mantle today remains poorly constrained, but the bulk water
storage capacity in the solid mantle can be quantified based on experimental data and may …

Geologists have speculated when plate tectonics began since the dawn of that revolution,
with recent estimates ranging from the last 20% of Earth history to within the first 5%. All such …

Whether modern-style plate tectonics operated on early Earth is debated due to a paucity of
definitive records of large-scale plate convergence, subduction, and collision in the Archean …

The paleomagnetic record is an archive of Earth's geophysical history, informing
reconstructions of ancient plate motions and probing the core via the geodynamo. We report …