Climatic gradients such as latitude and elevation are considered primary drivers of global
biogeography. Yet, alongside these macro‐gradients, the vertical space and structure …

Extreme weather events, such as unusually hot or dry conditions, can cause death by
exceeding physiological limits, and so cause loss of population. Survival will depend on …

Vascular epiphytes are an important component of many ecosystems and constitute a
substantial part of global plant diversity. In this context, accidental epiphytism, that is, the …

Global climate change models predict reduced cloud water in tropical montane forests. To
test the effects of reduced cloud water on epiphytes, plants that are tightly coupled to …

Timber production is often the most economic form of land use in areas of tropical forest:
forest preservation is rarely so. The area of tropical forest reserved for timber production …

Biodiversity is spatially organized by climatic gradients across elevation and latitude. But do
other gradients exist that might drive biogeographic patterns? Here, we show that …

Botanists based in the temperate zone see little evidence that bark is one of the most
intensively exploited of the many kinds of substrates used by higher plants. Numerous algae …

La vegetación en Monteverde tiene dos características que observan los visitantes de forma
inmediata. La primera característica es la abundancia de musgos, de epífitas y de …

Epiphytes and their associated decomposing litter and arboreal soils (herein, epiphytic
material, EM) are ubiquitous features of tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) and play …

Canopy-dwelling epiphytes and their associated dead organic matter exist as complex
subsystems of many forests, but they have only rarely been quantified in the context of the …