Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are the
leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD and ALD share …

The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive
spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease …

Constructing effective antidotes to reduce global health impacts induced by alcohol
prevalence is a challenging topic. Despite the positive effects observed with intravenous …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota,
and the liver, resulting from the integration of signals generated by dietary, genetic and …

The human body is inhabited by numerous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and each part has a
unique microbial community structure. The gastrointestinal tract harbors approximately 100 …

The gut microbiota is a complex and plastic consortium of microorganisms that are intricately
connected with human physiology. The liver is a central immunological organ that is …

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver
and other organs. Physical, immunologic, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal …

In the past decade, an exciting realization has been that diverse liver diseases—ranging
from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular …

Alcoholic liver disease, which ranges from mild disease to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis,
is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol intake can lead to changes …