Chitin, a fascinating biopolymer found in living organisms, fulfills current demands of
availability, sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and renewability …

Owing to the advancement of interdisciplinary concepts, for example, wearable electronics,
bioelectronics, and intelligent sensing, during the microelectronics industrial revolution …

Biology remains the envy of flexible soft matter fabrication because it can satisfy multiple
functional needs by organizing a small set of proteins and polysaccharides into hierarchical …

In the course of evolution nature has arrived at startling materials solutions to ensure
survival. Investigations into biological surfaces, ranging from plants, insects and geckos to …

Living organisms have ingeniously evolved functional gradients and heterogeneities to
create high-performance biological materials from a fairly limited choice of elements and …

Mechanical metamaterials with unique micro-architectures possess excellent physical
properties in terms of stiffness, toughness, vibration isolation, and thermal expansion …

Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have gradual variations in their properties along one
or more dimensions due to local compositional or structural distinctions by design …

A skin adhesive patch is the most fundamental and widely used medical device for diverse
health‐care purposes. Conventional skin adhesive patches have been mainly utilized for …

Reversible adhesion is the key functionality to grip, place, and release objects
nondestructively. Inspired by nature, micropatterned dry adhesives are promising …

Biological materials exhibit anisotropic characteristics because of the anisometric nature of
their constituents and their preferred alignment within interfacial matrices. The regulation of …