Adult mesenchymal stem cells are a resource for autologous and allogeneic cell therapies
for immune-modulation and regenerative medicine. However, patients most in need of such …

Articular cartilage repair is a sophisticated process that has is being recently investigated.
There are several different approaches that are currently reported to promote cartilage …

Bone remodelling, the mechanism by which vertebrates regulate bone mass, comprises two
phases, namely resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts; osteoblasts are …

Skeletal development and turnover occur in close spatial and temporal association with
angiogenesis. Osteoblasts are ideally situated in bone to sense oxygen tension and …

Abstract Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was recently identified as an endogenous ligand of the type 4
melanocortin receptor (MC4R), a critical regulator of appetite. However, it remains unknown …

Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a highly conserved T lymphocyte subpopulation that
has the potential to regulate many types of immune responses through the rapid secretion of …

Background Although current evidence suggests that only a minuscule number of osteoblast-
lineage cells are present in peripheral blood, we hypothesized that such cells circulate but …

The ideal treatment of osteochondral lesions is debatable. Although autologous chondrocyte
implantation provides pain relief, the need for two operations and high costs has prompted a …

Peripheral blood-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells circulate in low number.
They share, most although not all, of the surface markers with bone marrow-derived …

Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of fractures and
low bone formation. However, the mechanism for the low bone formation is not well …