In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal
viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade …

The APOBEC family of single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminases comprises a formidable
arm of the vertebrate innate immune system. Pre-vertebrates express a single APOBEC …

Retroviruses have long been a fertile model for discovering host–pathogen interactions and
their associated biological principles and processes. These advances have not only …

One of the features of primate immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs and SIVs) that distinguishes
them from other retroviruses is the array of" accessory" proteins they encode. Here, we …

Despite efforts in understanding its underlying mechanisms, the etiology of chromosomal
instability (CIN) remains unclear for many tumor types. Here, we identify CIN initiation as a …

Human APOBEC3G (A3G) is a virus restriction factor that inhibits HIV-1 replication and
triggers lethal hypermutation on viral reverse transcripts. HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) …

Human APOBEC3 enzymes are cellular DNA cytidine deaminases that inhibit and/or mutate
a variety of retroviruses, retrotransposons, and DNA viruses. Here, we report a detailed …

Human DNA cytosine-to-uracil deaminases catalyze mutations in both pathogen and
cellular genomes. APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H restrict human …

Members of the APOBEC family of cellular cytidine deaminases represent a recently
identified group of proteins that provide immunity to infection by retroviruses and protect the …

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a host cytidine deaminase that, in the absence of Vif, restricts HIV-1
replication and reduces the amount of viral DNA that accumulates in cells. Initial studies …