Amongst the diversity of methods used by organisms to reduce damage caused by
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the synthesis of UV-screening compounds is almost ubiquitous …

The surface of the Earth is exposed to harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR: 280–400 nm).
Prolonged skin exposure to UVR results in DNA damage through oxidative stress due to the …

Cyanobacteria are often the key organisms comprising microbial mats. They form dense
micrometer-scale communities in which the full plethora of microbial metabolism can be …

Critical to the origin of life are the ingredients of life, of course, but also the physical and
chemical conditions in which prebiotic chemical reactions can take place. These factors …

The influence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on populations of microorganisms has been the
subject of serious investigation for at least the past 20–25 years. UVR that is applicable to …

We used microsensors to characterize physicochemical microenvironments and
photosynthesis occurring immediately after water saturation in two desert soil crusts from …

Light energy is a driver for many biogeochemical element cycles in aquatic systems. The
sunlight-induced photochemical reduction of ferric iron (Fe (III) photoreduction) to ferrous …

Exposure to moderate doses of UV B (0.35 to 0.79 W m (sup-2) s (sup-1) or 0.98 to 2.2 (mu)
mol of photons m (sup-2) s (sup-1) at 310 nm) caused the surface layers of microbial mats …

Iron (hydr) oxides are the most abundant metal oxides, which are widespread on Earth's
surface in the major form of micro/nanoparticles. Dissolution of iron (hydr) oxides …

Photosynthesis is the utilization of radiant energy for the synthesis of complex organic
molecules. The phototrophic way of life implies the capture of electromagnetic energy (see …