Demands for water services from forested watersheds have dramatically increased since the
1950s and the trend continues as global environmental change intensifies in the 21st …

Greenhouse gas emissions urgently need to be reduced. Even with a step up in mitigation,
the goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2° C remains challenging …

Earth system models and various climate proxy sources indicate global warming is
unprecedented during at least the Common Era. However, tree-ring proxies often estimate …

During the Paris conference in 2015, nations of the world strengthened the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change by agreeing to holding 'the increase in the …

Humans have modified the Earth's climate through emissions of greenhouse gases and
through land-use and land-cover change (LULCC). Increasing concentrations of …

Reconstructions of past climate show notable temperature variability over the past
millennium, with relatively warm conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) …

Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) is a critically endangered species on the IUCN red list
globally. It is highly valued for its aromatic wood, popularly called agar, which has been …

Abstract The La Niña and El Niño phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have
major impacts on regional rainfall patterns around the globe, with substantial environmental …

The past 1500 years provide a valuable opportunity to study the response of the climate
system to external forcings. However, the integration of paleoclimate proxies with climate …

Debate about initial human migration across the immense area of East Polynesia has
focused upon seafaring technology, both of navigation and canoe capabilities, while …