Abstract Characterization of species diversity of zooplankton is key to understanding,
assessing, and predicting the function and future of pelagic ecosystems throughout the …

The first animal mitochondrial genomes to be sequenced were of several vertebrates and
model organisms, and the consistency of genomic features found has led to a 'textbook …

Mitochondrial and plastid genomes show a wide array of architectures, varying immensely in
size, structure, and content. Some organelle DNAs have even developed elaborate …

Introduction An understanding of ctenophore biology is critical for reconstructing events that
occurred early in animal evolution. The phylogenetic relationship of ctenophores (comb …

In recent years, scientists have made remarkable progress reconstructing the animal
phylogeny. There is broad agreement regarding many deep animal relationships, including …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been studied intensely for “its own” merit. Its role for the
function of the cell and the organism remains a fertile field, its origin and evolution is an …

Animal evolution is often presented as a march toward complexity, with different living
animal groups each representing grades of organization that arose through the progressive …

Animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is commonly described as a small, circular molecule
that is conserved in size, gene content, and organization. Data collected in the last decade …

Many years of extensive studies of metazoan mitochondrial genomes have established
differences in gene arrangements and genetic codes as valuable phylogenetic markers …

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have produced a plethora of controversial hypotheses
regarding the patterns of diversification of non-bilaterian animals. To unravel the causes for …